Hua Luogeng - 12Nov2011

Hua Luogeng (simplified Chinese: 华罗庚; traditional Chinese: 華羅庚; pinyin: Huà Luógēng; Wade–Giles: Hua Lo-keng; 12 November 1910 – 12 June 1985) was a Chinese mathematician born in Jintan, Jiangsu. He was the founder and pioneer in many fields in mathematical research. He wrote more than 200 papers and monographs, many of which became classics. Since his sudden death while delivering a lecture at the University of Tokyo, Japan, many mathematics secondary education programs have been named after him. His book on additive prime number theory influenced many subsequent number theorists in China, including the renowned Chen Jingrun who obtained the best result so far towards the binary Goldbach conjecture. Hua also made contributions to the development of college education in China. He was the first Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Vice President of University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), a new type of Chinese university established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1958, which was aimed at fostering skilled researchers necessary for the economic development, defense and education in science and technology.

Hua's father was a small businessman. Hua met a capable math teacher in middle school who recognized his talent early and encouraged him to read advanced texts. Hua was partially paralyzed in his late teenage years, due to mistreatment of a prolonged illness during which he stayed in bed for half a year. His first significant result was concerned with a paper written by Dr. Su Jiaju who claimed to have a closed form radical solution of the quintics. Hua studied Abel's original paper on the unsolvability of quintics and found a miscalculation in a 13×13 matrix in Su's paper. Henceforth Hua published his rebuttal in an influential mathematics journal in China, which was noticed by some professors at Tsinghua University, especially Dr. Xiong Qinglai.

Hua did not receive a formal university education. Although awarded several honorary PhDs, he never got a formal degree from any university. In fact, his formal education only consisted of six years of primary school and three years of middle school. For that reason Dr. Xiong Qinglai was amazed about Hua's mathematical ability and 1931 invited him to study mathematics at Tsinghua University.

華羅庚（1910年11月12日－1985年6月12日）生於江蘇金壇，卒於日本東京。中國著名數學家，中國科學院院士，美國國家科學院外籍院士。他是中國解析數論、典型群、矩陣幾何學、自守函數論與多元複變函數等很多方面研究的創始人與奠基者，也是中國在世界上最有影響力的數學家之一。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Luogeng

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%97%E5%BA%9A

Marie Curie - 07Nov2011

Marie Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes—in physics and chemistry. She was the first female professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.

She was born Maria Salomea Skłodowska (IPA: 'marja salɔ'mɛa skwɔ'dɔfska) in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, and lived there until the age of 24. In 1891, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared her 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with the physicist Henri Becquerel. Her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie and son-in-law, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, would similarly share a Nobel Prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Skłodowska-Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to date to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences.

Her achievements included a theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today.

While an actively loyal French citizen, Skłodowska-Curie (she used both surnames) never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first chemical element that she discovered – polonium, which she first isolated in 1898 – after her native country. During World War I she became a member of the Committee for a Free Poland (Komitet Wolnej Polski).In 1932, she founded a Radium Institute (now the Maria Skłodowska–Curie Institute of Oncology) in her home town, Warsaw, headed by her physician-sister Bronisława. Curie died in 1934 of aplastic anemia brought on by her years of exposure to radiation.

瑪麗亞·斯克沃多夫斯卡-居禮（波蘭語：Marie Skłodowska-Curie，1867年11月7日－1934年7月4日），通常稱為瑪麗·居禮（法語：Marie Curie）或居禮夫人（Madame Curie），波蘭裔法國籍女物理學家、放射化學家。她是放射性現象的研究先驅，也是獲得兩次諾貝爾獎第一人。瑪麗·居禮還是巴黎大學第一位女教授。1995年，她與丈夫皮埃爾·居禮一起移葬先賢祠。

瑪麗·居禮原名瑪麗亞·斯克洛多夫斯卡，生於當時沙俄統治下的華沙，即現在波蘭的首都。她在華沙生活至24歲，1891年追隨姐姐布洛尼斯拉娃至巴黎讀書。她在巴黎取得學位並從事科學研究。她是巴黎和華沙「居禮研究所」的創始人。1903年她和丈夫皮埃爾·居禮及亨利·貝克勒共同獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎，1911年又因放射化學方面的成就獲得諾貝爾化學獎。她的長女伊雷娜·約里奧-居禮和長女婿弗雷德里克·約里奧-居禮與1935年共同獲得諾貝爾化學獎。

瑪麗·居禮的成就包括開創了放射性理論、發明了分離放射性同位素的技術，以及發現兩種新元素釙（Po）和鐳（Ra）。在她的指導下，人們第一次將放射性同位素用於治療癌症。

瑪麗·居禮雖然是一位積極忠誠法國愛國者，雖然人身在異國，但也從未忘記她的波蘭出身。她以祖國波蘭的名字命名她所發現的第一種元素釙，並在1932年在她的家鄉華沙建立了由她的姐姐、醫生布洛尼斯拉娃主持的鐳研究所（即現在的瑪麗亞·斯克洛多夫斯卡-居禮腫瘤學研究所，華沙居禮研究所）。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C

Mary Blair - 21Oct2011

Mary Blair (October 21, 1911 – July 26, 1978), born Mary Robinson, was an American artist who was prominent in producing art and animation for The Walt Disney Company, drawing concept art for such films as Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, Song of the South and Cinderella.Blair also created character designs for enduring attractions such as Disneyland's It's a Small World, the fiesta scene in El Rio del Tiempo in the Mexico pavilion in Epcot's World Showcase, and an enormous mosaic inside Disney's Contemporary Resort. Several of her illustrated children's books from the 1950s remain in print, such as I Can Fly by Ruth Krauss. Blair was honored as a Disney Legend in 1991.

瑪麗·布萊爾（英語：Mary Blair，1911年10月21日－1978年7月26日）美國女畫家，出生於俄克拉荷馬州的麥卡萊斯特，幼年曾隨家搬到德克薩斯州，最後在加利福尼亞州定居。畢業於加利福尼亞州聖荷西州立大學。大學畢業後，輾轉換了幾個工作後，進入迪士尼工作，先後擔任《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》等動畫片的色彩設計師。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Blair

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94

Art Clokey - 12Oct2011

Arthur "Art" Clokey (October 12, 1921 – January 8, 2010) was a pioneer in the popularization of stop motion clay animation, beginning in 1955 with a film experiment called Gumbasia, influenced by his professor, Slavko Vorkapich, at the University of Southern California.

After the Gumbasia project, Art Clokey and his wife Ruth came up with the clay character Gumby. Gumby and his horse Pokey became a familiar presence on American television; they had their start in the Howdy Doody Show, and later got their own series The Adventures of Gumby. The characters enjoyed a renewal of interest in the 1980s when American actor and comedian Eddie Murphy parodied Gumby in a skit on Saturday Night Live. In the 1990s Gumby: The Movie was released, sparking even more interest.

Clokey's second most famous production is the duo of Davey and Goliath, funded by the Lutheran Church in America.

亞瑟·「阿特」·克洛基（英語：Arthur "Art" Clokey，1921年10月12日－2010年1月8日），是美國定格黏土動畫普及化的先驅者，也是小綠人岡比的創造者。

2010年1月8日，阿特·克洛基在加利福尼亞州Los Osos家中的睡夢中逝世，享年88歲。他這時患有反覆的膀胱炎。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Clokey

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%9F%BA

National Day of the People's Republic of China - 01Oct2011

The National Day of the People's Republic of China (simplified Chinese: 国庆节; traditional Chinese: 國慶節; pinyin: guóqìng jié) is celebrated every year on October 1. It is a public holiday in the People's Republic of China to celebrate their national day.

The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949 with a ceremony at Tiananmen Square. The Central People's Government passed the Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China on December 2, 1949 and declared that October 1 is the National Day.

The National Day marks the start of one of the two Golden Weeks in the PRC. However, there have been some recent controversies over whether Golden Weeks should be kept.

The National Day is celebrated throughout mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau with a variety of government-organised festivities, including fireworks and concerts. Public places, such as Tiananmen Square in Beijing, are decorated in a festive theme. Portraits of revered leaders, such as Mao Zedong, are publicly displayed.

The University of Southern California U.S.-China Institute published a review of national day celebrations between 1949 and 1999 and discussed preparations for the 2009 extravaganza.US-China Today summarized press coverage and included images of the 2009 celebration.

中華人民共和國國慶節是中華人民共和國的建立紀念日，1949年9月，中國人民政治協商會議第一屆全體會議決定每年的10月1日為中國的國慶節；1949年10月1日，在北京天安門廣場舉行了開國大典，中華人民共和國中央人民政府正式成立。中國大陸、香港及澳門地區均訂為法定假日或公眾假期（澳門為2天，香港在1997年和1998年也曾是2天）。

1949年12月2日，中央人民政府委員會第四次會議通過《關於中華人民共和國國慶日的決議》，宣告：「自一九五〇年起，即以每年的十月一日，即中華人民共和國宣告成立的日子，為中華人民共和國的國慶日。 」

國慶節期間，中國大陸、香港及澳門都會舉行各種紀念活動，紀念中華人民共和國的建立。中國大陸自2008年起，每逢國慶節國家領導人都會向位於天安門廣場的人民英雄紀念碑敬獻花圈。在香港的維多利亞港，每年國慶期間更會舉辦煙花匯演，吸引海港兩岸數萬市民觀賞。而世界各地華僑社區，均會舉辦慶典、巡遊、或升旗儀式等活動盛大慶祝

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%86%E8%8A%82

Google - 27Sep2011

Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program.The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the "Google Guys",while the two were attending Stanford University as PhD candidates.

It was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, and its initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for twenty years, until the year 2024. The company's mission statement from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful", and the company's unofficial slogan – coined by Google engineer Amit Patel and supported by Paul Buchheit – is "Don't be evil".In 2006, the company moved to its current headquarters in Mountain View, California.

Google's rapid growth since its incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond the company's core web search engine. The company offers online productivity software, such as its Gmail email service, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz and Google+. Google's products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. Google leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, used on a number of phones such as the Motorola Droid and the Samsung Galaxy smartphone series', as well as the new Google Chrome OS,best known as the main operating system on the Cr-48 and also, since 15 June 2011, on commercial Chromebooks such as the Samsung Series 5 and Acer AC700.

It has been estimated that Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world, and processes over one billion search requestsand about twenty-four petabytes of user-generated data every day.Alexa lists the main U.S.-focused google.com site as the Internet's most visited website, and numerous international Google sites (google.co.in(14) is the most visited site in India, google.co.uk in the U.K, etc.) are in the top hundred, as are several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube (Alexa:3), Blogger (Alexa:6), and Orkut. Google also ranks number two in the BrandZ brand equity database.The dominant market position of Google's services has led to criticism of the company over issues including privacy, copyright, and censorship.

Google公司（英語：Google Inc.，NASDAQ：GOOG、FWB：GGQ1），是一家美國的跨國科技企業，致力於網際網路搜尋、雲端運算、廣告技術等領域。Google開發並提供了大量基於網際網路的產品與服務，其主要利潤來自於AdWords等廣告服務。Google由當時在史丹佛大學攻讀理學博士的拉里·佩奇和謝爾蓋·布林共同建立，因此兩人也被稱為『Google Guys』。1998年9月4日，Google以私營公司的形式創立，設計並管理一個網際網路搜尋引擎「Google搜尋」；Google網站則於1999年下半年啟用。2004年8月19日，Google公司的股票在納斯達克上市，後來被稱為「三駕馬車」的公司兩位共同創始人與出任執行長的埃里克·施密特在當時承諾：共同在Google工作至少二十年，即至2024年止。 創始之初，Google官方的公司使命為「整合全球範圍的資訊，使人人皆可存取並從中受益」（to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful）； 而非正式的口號則為「不作惡」（Don't be evil），由工程師阿米特·帕特爾（Amit Patel）所創， 並得到了保羅·布赫海特的支援。Google公司的總部稱為『Googleplex』，位於美國加州聖塔克拉拉縣的山景城。2011年4月，佩奇接替施密特當任執行長。

據估計，Google在全世界的資料中心內運營著超過百萬台的伺服器，每天處理數以億計的搜尋請求和約二十四PB使用者生成的資料。Google自創立開始的快速成長同時也帶動了一系列的產品研發、併購事項與合作關聯，而不僅僅是公司核心的網路搜尋業務。Google公司提供豐富的線上軟體服務，如Gmail電子郵件，包括Orkut、Google Buzz以及最近的Google+在內的社交網路服務。Google的產品同時也以應用軟體的形式進入使用者桌面，例如Google Chrome瀏覽器、Picasa圖片整理與編輯軟體、Google Talk即時通訊工具等。另外，Google還進行了行動裝置的Android作業系統以及小筆電的Google Chrome OS作業系統的開發。

網站資訊分析網Alexa資料顯示，Google的主域名google.com為全世界存取量最高的站點，除此之外，Google搜尋在其他國家域名下的多個站點（google.co.in、google.de、google.com.hk等等），及旗下的YouTube、Blogger、Orkut等的存取量都在前一百名之內。2007年至2010年，Google連續四年蟬聯 BrandZ 全球品牌價值榜首，但在2011年被蘋果公司超越從而屈居次席。在市場競爭中處於領先地位的現實也使Google公司在使用者隱私保護、版權、網路審查等方面飽受爭議。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google

Lu Xun - 25Sep2011

Lu Xun (simplified Chinese: 鲁迅; traditional Chinese: 魯迅; pinyin: Lǔ Xùn) or Lu Hsün (Wade-Giles), was the pen name of Zhou Shuren (simplified Chinese: 周树人; traditional Chinese: 周樹人; pinyin: Zhōu Shùrén; Wade–Giles: Chou Shu-jen) (September 25, 1881 – October 19, 1936) is one of the major Chinese writers of the 20th century. Considered by many to be the leading figure of modern Chinese literature, he wrote in baihua (白話) (the vernacular) as well as classical Chinese. Lu Xun was a short story writer, editor, translator, critic, essayist and poet. In the 1930s he became the titular head of the Chinese League of the Left-Wing Writers in Shanghai.

Lu Xun's works exerted a very substantial influence after the May Fourth Movement to such a point that he was highly acclaimed by the Communist regime after 1949. Mao Zedong himself was a lifelong admirer of Lu Xun's works. Though sympathetic to the ideals of the Left, Lu Xun never actually joined the Chinese Communist Party. Like many leaders of the May Fourth Movement, he was primarily a liberal. Lu Xun's works became known to English readers through numerous translations, beginning in 1960 with Selected Stories of Lu Hsun translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, and more recently in 2009 when Penguin Classics published a complete anthology of his fiction titled The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun, of which, the scholar Jeffrey Wasserstrom, said "could be considered the most significant Penguin Classic ever published."

周樹人（1881年9月25日－1936年10月19日），字豫才。原名樟壽，字豫山、豫亭。以筆名魯迅聞名於世。浙江紹興人，20世紀中國重要作家，新文化運動的領導人、左翼文化運動的支持者。中華人民共和國的評價為現代文學家、思想家、革命家。魯迅的作品包括雜文、短篇小說、評論、散文、翻譯作品，對於五四運動以後的中國文學產生了深刻的影響。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Xun

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85

Jim Henson - 24Sep2011

James Maury "Jim" Henson (September 24, 1936 – May 16, 1990) was an American puppeteer best known as the creator of The Muppets. As a puppeteer, Henson performed in various television programs, such as Sesame Street and The Muppet Show, films such as The Muppet Movie and The Great Muppet Caper, and created advanced puppets for projects like Fraggle Rock, The Dark Crystal, and Labyrinth. He was also an Oscar-nominated film director, Emmy Award-winning television producer, and the founder of The Jim Henson Company, the Jim Henson Foundation, and Jim Henson's Creature Shop. He died of Streptococcus pyogenes on May 16, 1990.

Henson, who was born in Greenville, Mississippi, and educated at University of Maryland, College Park, was one of the most widely known puppeteers in history. He created Sam and Friends as a freshman in College Park. After suffering struggles with programs that he created, he eventually was selected to participate in Sesame Street. During this time, he also participated in the comedy series Saturday Night Live. The success of Sesame Street spawned The Muppet Show, which featured Muppets created by Henson. He also co-created with Michael Jacobs the television show Dinosaurs during his final years. In 1992, he posthumously received the Courage of Conscience Award from The Peace Abbey, and on June 16, 2011, he posthumously received the Disney Legends Award.

詹姆斯·莫里·「吉姆」·亨森（英語：James Maury "Jim" Henson，1936年9月24日－1990年5月16日）是美國著名操縱木偶者（puppeteer），也是著名木偶劇The Muppets之父。作為操縱木偶者，他出現在許多受歡迎的電視節目中。他因釀膿鏈球菌（Streptococcus pyogenes）而於1990年5月16日去世。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Henson

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E6%A3%AE

Mid-Autumn Festival - 12Sep2011

The Mid-Autumn Festival (Chinese: 中秋節), also known as the Moon Festival or Mooncake Festival or Zhongqiu Festival, is a popular lunar harvest festival celebrated by Chinese and Vietnamese people. A description of the festival first appeared in Rites of Zhou, a written collection of rituals of the Western Zhou Dynasty from 3,000 years ago. The celebration became popular during the early Tang Dynasty. The festival is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar, which is in September or early October in the Gregorian calendar, close to the autumnal equinox. The Government of the People's Republic of China listed the festival as an "intangible cultural heritage" in 2006, and it was made a Chinese public holiday in 2008. It is also a Taiwanese public holiday.

中秋節是東亞民間的一個傳統節日，起源於中國，為每年農曆的八月十五。

按照中國的農曆，八月為秋季的第二個月，古時稱為仲秋，因此民間稱為中秋，又稱秋夕、八月節、八月半、月夕、月節，又因為這一天月亮滿圓，象徵團圓，又稱為團圓節。受中華文化的影響，中秋節也是日本、越南、朝鮮半島等地的傳統節日。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E8%8A%82

Teacher's Day - 10Sep2011

In many countries, Teachers' Days are intended to be special days for the appreciation of teachers; World Teachers' Day is celebrated across the world on October 5. Ever since the importance of teachers has been recognized by UNESCO, by adopting the “Recommendation concerning the status of teachers”, World Teachers' Day has been celebrated annually.This includes celebrations to honor the teachers for their special contribution in a particular field area or the community in general.

教師節是一個感謝老師一年來教導的節日，不同國家定訂的教師節時間不同。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teachers%27_Day

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%B8%88%E8%8A%82

Freddie Mercury - 05Sep2011

Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara (Gujarati: ફારોખ બલ્સારા‌), 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. As a performer, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and powerful vocals over a four-octave range. As a songwriter, Mercury composed many hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" and "We Are the Champions". In addition to his work with Queen, he led a solo career, penning hits such as "Barcelona", "I Was Born to Love You" and "Living on My Own". Mercury also occasionally served as a producer and guest musician (piano or vocals) for other artists. He died of bronchopneumonia brought on by AIDS on 24 November 1991, only one day after publicly acknowledging he had the disease.

Mercury was a Parsi born in Zanzibar and grew up there and in India until his mid-teens. He has been referred to as "Britain's first Asian rock star".In 2006, Time Asia named him one of the most influential Asian heroes of the past 60 years, and he continues to be voted one of the greatest singers in the history of popular music. In 2005, a poll organised by Blender and MTV2 saw Mercury voted the greatest male singer of all time.In 2008, Rolling Stone editors ranked him number 18 on their list of the 100 greatest singers of all time. In 2009, a Classic Rock poll saw him voted the greatest rock singer of all time. Allmusic has characterised Mercury as "one of rock's greatest all-time entertainers", who possessed "one of the greatest voices in all of music".

弗雷迪·默丘里（Freddie Mercury，1946年9月5日－1991年11月24日，另譯佛萊迪·摩克瑞），是英國的音樂家。坦尚尼亞桑給巴爾出生。皇后樂隊（Queen）的主唱。身為歌手，他以高亢璀璨的音色與戲劇化的表演方式而聞名。身為作曲家，他創作了許多皇后樂隊的傳世作品，例如《波希米亞狂想曲》（Bohemian Rhapsody）、《我們是冠軍》（We Are the Champions）、《殺手女王》（Killer Queen）、《找個人來愛》（Somebody to Love）、《不要現在阻止我》（Don't Stop Me Now）和《那瘋狂的小東西就是愛》（Crazy Little Thing Called Love）等。

1991年11月24日，在他公開自己病情僅僅一天之後，他死於愛滋病引發的肺炎。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mercury

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E4%B8%98%E9%87%8C

Jorge Luis Borges - 24Aug2011

Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986), known as Jorge Luis Borges (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxorxe ˈlwis ˈβorxes]), was an Argentine writer, essayist, poet and translator born in Buenos Aires. In 1914 his family moved to Switzerland where he attended school and traveled to Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. In 1955 he was appointed director of the National Public Library (Biblioteca Nacional) and professor of Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1961 he came to international attention when he received the first International Publishers' Prize, the Prix Formentor. In 1971 he won the Jerusalem Prize. His work was translated and published widely in the United States and in Europe. Borges himself was fluent in several languages. He died in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1986.

豪爾赫·路易斯·博爾赫斯（西班牙文：Jorge Luis Borges，1899年8月24日－1986年6月14日） ，阿根廷作家，詩人。他的作品涵蓋多個文學範疇，包括：短文、隨筆小品、詩、文學評論、翻譯文學。其中以拉丁文雋永的文字和深刻的哲理見長。

博爾赫斯出生於布宜諾斯艾利斯的書香門第之家，從小沉浸在西班牙文和英文的環境中。1914年其家庭舉家遷往瑞士，博爾赫斯在那接受教育而後遊歷西班牙。1921年返回阿根廷後，他以作家身份出版了詩歌、文學周刊上發表散文。他也在圖書館工作並多次發表公眾演講。庇隆政府時期，他曾遭受政治迫害。

由於遺傳疾病，博爾赫斯年近六旬即雙目失明[1]。 1955年，他被任命為國家公共圖書館館長以及布宜諾斯艾利斯大學的文學教授。1961年，他第一次獲得了國際文學獎Prix Formentor。他的作品被廣泛譯介到歐美國家，他本人也是一位翻譯家，除母語西班牙語外，精通英語、德語、法語、古英語、古諾爾斯語等。1986年，他在瑞士日內瓦去世。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF

Pierre de Fermat - 17Aug2011

Pierre de Fermat (French pronunciation: [pjɛːʁ dəfɛʁˈma]; 17 August 1601 or 1607/8 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of the then unknown differential calculus, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for Fermat's Last Theorem, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica.

皮埃爾·德·費馬（Pierre de Fermat，1601年8月17日－1665年1月12日，法語發音[pjɛːʀ də fɛʀma]），法國律師和業餘數學家。他在數學上的成就不比職業數學家差，他似乎對數論最有興趣，亦對現代微積分的建立有所貢獻。

費馬的父親是頗富有的皮革商人。費馬生於塔恩-加龍省的博蒙—德洛馬涅（Beaumont-de-Lomagne），出生的房子現在成了費馬博物館。1620年代中期，他進入土魯斯大學之後，搬到波爾多生活，在那裏開始第一個正式的數學研究，並認識數學家Jean Beaugrand。他們之間有不少數學交流，這在費馬搬到土魯斯後仍未改變。此後他又陸續認識了皮埃爾·德·卡克維、馬蘭·梅森和勒奈·笛卡爾等數學家，並有不少書信交流，費馬的不少數學成果都在這些書信中誕生。

他的名言是：「我發現了一個美妙的證明，但由於空白太小而沒有寫下來。」

1665年他逝於卡斯特。費馬不常正式發表他的研究，死後其子才將之整理成書，叫做Varia Opera。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Fermat

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E9%A6%AC

Qixi Festival - 06Aug2011

Qixi Festival (Chinese: 七夕节; literally "The Night of Sevens"), also known as Magpie Festival, falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month on the Chinese calendar; thus its name. It also inspired Tanabata (七夕) in Japan, Chilseok (칠석) in Korea, and Thất Tịch in Vietnam. It is sometimes called Chinese Valentine's Day (Chinese: 情人节; pinyin: Qíng rén jié) since late 1990s.

七夕節，又名乞巧節、七巧節或七姐誕，是華人地區以及東亞各國的傳統節日，在農曆七月初七慶祝（日本在明治維新後改為陽曆7月7日），來自於牛郎與織女的傳說。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qixi

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E5%B7%A7%E8%8A%82

Alexander Calder - 22Jul2011

Alexander Calder (July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor and artist most famous for inventing mobile sculptures. In addition to mobile and stable sculpture, Alexander Calder also created paintings, lithographs, toys, tapestry, jewelry and household objects.

亞歷山大·考爾德（英語：Alexander Calder，1898年7月22日－1976年11月11日），美國著名雕塑家、藝術家，動態雕塑（mobile）的發明者。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Calder

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7

Gregor Mendel - 20Jul2011

Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822[1] – January 6, 1884) was an Austrian[2] scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Although the significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, the independent rediscovery of these laws formed the foundation of the modern science of genetics

孟德爾（Gregor Johann Mendel，格雷戈爾·約翰·門德爾[1]，1822年7月20日－1884年1月6日）是一位奧地利遺傳學家，神職人員，遺傳學的奠基人。

1822年7月20日孟德爾生於奧地利的海因岑多夫（今捷克的海恩塞斯）。他於1840年畢業於特羅保的預科學校，進入奧爾米茨哲學院學習。1843年因家貧而輟學，同年10月到奧古斯丁修道院做修道士。1847年被任命為神父。1849年受委派到茨納伊姆中學任希臘文和數學代課教師。1851年－1853年在維也納大學學習物理、化學、數學、動物學和植物學。1853年，他從維也納大學畢業回修道院。1854年被委派到布呂恩技術學校任物理學和植物學的代理教師。並在那裡工作了14年。1884年1月6日卒於布呂恩（今捷克的布爾諾）。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE

Xu Beihong - 19Jul2011

Xu Beihong (simplified Chinese: 徐悲鸿; traditional Chinese: 徐悲鴻; pinyin: Xú Bēihóng) was born in Yixing, China. He was primarily known for his shuimohua (Chinese ink paintings) of horses and birds and one of the first Chinese artists to articulate the need for artistic expressions that reflected a new modern China at the beginning of the 20th century. He was also regarded as one of the first to create monumental oil paintings with epic Chinese themes - a show of his high proficiency in an essential Western art technique.

徐悲鴻（1895年7月19日－1953年9月26日），中國現代畫家、美術教育家。他也是中國現代美術的奠基者。江蘇宜興屺亭鎮人。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Beihong

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E6%82%B2%E9%B4%BB

Saint Basil's Cathedral - 12Jul2011

The Cathedral of the Protection of Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat (Russian: Собор Покрова пресвятой Богородицы, что на Рву), popularly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral (Russian: Собор Василия Блаженного), is a Russian Orthodox church erected on the Red Square in Moscow in 1555–61. Built on the order of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan, it marks the geometric center of the city and the hub of its growth since the 14th century. It was the tallest building in Moscow until the completion of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in 1600.

The original building, known as "Trinity Church" and later "Trinity Cathedral", contained eight side churches arranged around the ninth, central church of Intercession; the tenth church was erected in 1588 over the grave of venerated local saint Vasily (Basil). In the 16th and the 17th centuries the church, perceived as the earthly symbol of the Heavenly City, was popularly known as the "Jerusalem" and served as an allegory of the Jerusalem Temple in the annual Palm Sunday parade attended by the Patriarch of Moscow and the tsar.

聖巴西爾大教堂（俄語：Собор Василия Блаженного），或譯作垛上祈禱教堂（Собор Покрова что на Рву），是一個坐落於莫斯科紅場的多穹頂教堂。它通常被人們看作是俄羅斯在歐洲及亞洲間獨特位置的象徵。

這座教堂是受伊凡四世的委託，為紀念其對喀山汗國的征服而於1555年和1561年之間建造的。1588年，費奧多爾·伊萬諾維奇沙皇在該建築中一位俄羅斯東正教聖人瓦西里·柏拉仁諾之墓東上方添置了一個小禮堂。此後，該教堂就被人們普遍稱為「聖瓦西里教堂」。

聖巴西爾大教堂位於紅場東南部，對面則是克林姆林宮的斯巴斯卡亞塔。教堂雖不巨大，卻在一個地基上集合了九間禮堂。該教堂的設計跟隨了同時代的穹頂教堂風格，尤其是科洛緬斯科耶的耶穌升天教堂（1530年）和季亞科沃的施洗約翰斬首教堂（1547年）。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Basil's_Cathedral

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%81%E8%AF%BA%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82

Xiazhi - 22Jun2011

The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms (節氣).

Xiàzhì (pīnyīn) or Geshi (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 夏至; Korean: 하지; Vietnamese: Hạ chí; literally: "summer's extreme") is the 10th solar term, and marks the summer solstice. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 90° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 105°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 90°.

夏至是二十四節氣之一。每年6月22日前後太陽到達黃經90°時開始。是最早被確定的一個節氣。西元前7世紀，古人用土圭量日影，夏至這一天日影最短，因此把這一天稱作「夏至」。

《月令七十二侯集解》：「五月中……夏，假也，至，極也，萬物於此皆假大而至極也。」《漢學堂經解》所集崔靈恩《三禮義宗》：「夏至為中者，至有三義：一以明陽氣之至極，二以明陰氣之始至，三以明日行之北至。故謂之至。」

夏至日太陽直射點

此日太陽幾乎直射北回歸線，北半球白晝最長，其後陽光直射位置向南移動，白晝漸短。由於太陽輻射到地面的能量仍比地面向空中發散的多，所以在短時間內氣溫繼續升高。天文學上規定夏至為北半球夏季的開始。

「至」也有極點的意思。在傳統的陰陽理論中，夏至是陽氣生發到極點，開始收藏的節氣。

易經姤卦，為五月卦，一陰起於下（夏至一陰生，冬至一陽生），孚夏至之時令。陽氣雖盛已經失勢，陰長陽消之象。

與冬至相同的是，夏至在中國古代也是重要的傳統節日（節氣），只是現代活動相對比較少與夏至直接相關（可能與重要傳統節日端午節意義極為相近）。但仲夏節是在北歐等地居民的重要節日（和當地偏寒冷的氣候有關）。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiazhi

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3

Father's Day - 19Jun2011

Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. It is celebrated on the third Sunday of June in many countries and on other days elsewhere. It complements Mother's Day, the celebration honoring mothers.

父親節是一年中特別感謝父親的節日，約始於二十世紀初。每個國家的父親節日期都不盡相同，也有各種的慶祝方式，大部分都與贈送禮物、家族聚餐或活動有關。世界上有52個國家和地區是在6月的第三個星期日慶祝父親節。與父親節對應還有母親節，是在5月的第二個星期日。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father%27s_Day

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA%E7%AF%80

Les Paul - 09Jun2011

Lester William Polsfuss (June 9, 1915 – August 12, 2009)—known as Les Paul—was an American jazz and country guitarist, songwriter and inventor. He was a pioneer in the development of the solid-body electric guitar which made the sound of rock and roll possible.He is credited with many recording innovations. Although he was not the first to use the technique, his early experiments with overdubbing (also known as sound on sound), delay effects such as tape delay, phasing effects and multitrack recording were among the first to attract widespread attention.

His innovative talents extended into his playing style, including licks, trills, chording sequences, fretting techniques and timing, which set him apart from his contemporaries and inspired many guitarists of the present day. He recorded with his wife Mary Ford in the 1950s, and they sold millions of records.

Among his many honors, Paul is one of a handful of artists with a permanent, stand-alone exhibit in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.He is prominently named by the music museum on its website as an "architect" and a "key inductee" along with Sam Phillips and Alan Freed.

萊斯·保羅（Les Paul，1915年6月9日－2009年8月13日），生於威斯康星州沃基肖市，原名Lester William Polsfuss。美國音樂家及發明家。萊斯·保羅以在吉他方面的精湛技巧而著稱，他對電吉他突破性的革新徹底改變了流行音樂的影響。他於1941年研製出實心電吉他，並且發明了各種錄製人聲和樂器的新方法，從而一手改變了音樂的方向，有電吉他之父之稱。他被老家威斯康辛州的鄉親們稱為「沃基肖的奇才」

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85

Duanwu Festival - 06Jun2011

Duanwu Festival (simplified Chinese: 端午节; traditional Chinese: 端午節; pinyin: Duānwǔ Jié), also known as Dragon Boat Festival (simplified Chinese: 龙船节; traditional Chinese: 龍船節; pinyin: Lóngchuán Jié), is a traditional and statutory holiday originating in China and associated with a number of East Asian and Southeast Asian societies. In Mandarin, it is known by the name Duānwǔ Jié; in Hong Kong and Macau, by the Cantonese name Tuen Ng Jit. In 2008, it was recognised as a public holiday in mainland China for the first time since the 1940s. The festival has also long been celebrated in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. Equivalent and related festivals in Asia include the Kodomo no hi in Japan, Dano in Korea, and Tết Đoan Ngọ in Vietnam.

The festival occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the lunar calendar on which the Chinese calendar is based. This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth. In 2011, this falls on June 6. The focus of the celebrations includes eating the rice dumpling zongzi (Chinese: 粽子; pinyin: zòngzi), drinking realgar wine xionghuangjiu (Chinese: 雄黃酒; pinyin: Xiónghuángjiǔ), and racing dragon boats.

端午節為每年農曆五月初五，又稱端陽節、午日節、五月節、五日節、艾節、端五、重午、午日、夏節、蒲節，本來是夏季的一個驅除瘟疫的節日，後來楚國詩人屈原於端午節投江自盡，就變成紀念屈原的節日（一說紀念吳國忠臣伍子胥的忌日），與春節、中秋等節日同屬東亞文化圈的中國大陸、日本、韓國、臺灣、越南的重要傳統節日。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E8%8A%82

Martha Graham - 11May2011

Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American modern dancer and choreographer whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture.

She danced and choreographed for over seventy years. Graham was the first dancer ever to perform at the White House, travel abroad as a cultural ambassador, and receive the highest civilian award of the USA: the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In her lifetime she received honors ranging from the Key to the City of Paris to Japan's Imperial Order of the Precious Crown. She said, "I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer. It's permitting life to use you in a very intense way. Sometimes it is not pleasant. Sometimes it is fearful. But nevertheless it is inevitable

瑪莎·葛蘭姆（英語：Martha Graham，1894年5月11日－1991年4月1日），又譯為馬莎·格雷厄姆，美國舞蹈家和編舞家，也是現代舞蹈史上最早的創始人之一。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Graham

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E8%98%AD%E5%A7%86

Chang Dai-chien - 10May2011

Chang Dai-chien (simplified Chinese: 张大千; traditional Chinese: 張大千; pinyin: Zhāng Dàqiān; Wade–Giles: Chang Ta-chien) (May 10, 1899 – April 2, 1983) was one of the best-known and most prodigious Chinese artists of the twentieth century. Originally known as a guohua (traditionalist) painter, by the 1960s he was also renowned as a modern impressionist and expressionist painter. Chang is regarded as one of the most gifted master forgers of the twentieth century.

張大千（1899年5月10日－1983年4月2日），最早本名張正權，後改名張爰、張蝯，小名季，號季爰，別署大千居士、下里巴人、齋名大風堂，中國著名畫家，祖籍廣東省番禺縣，生於清朝四川省內江，逝世於中華民國台北市。因其詩、書、畫與齊白石、溥心畬齊名，故又並稱為「南張北齊」和「南張北溥」。廿多歲便蓄著一把大鬍子，成為張大千日後的特有標誌。曾與齊白石、徐悲鴻、黃賓虹、溥儒等國內各名家及外國大師畢加索交遊切磋。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Dai-chien

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83

Roger Hargreaves - 09May2011

Charles Roger Hargreaves (9 May 1935 – 11 September 1988) was an English author and illustrator of children's books, notably the Mr. Men and Little Miss series, intended for very young readers. The simple and humorous stories, with brightly-coloured, boldly drawn illustrations, have been part of popular culture for over 25 years, with sales of over 85 million copies worldwide in 20 languages

查爾斯·羅傑·哈格里夫斯（Charles Roger Hargreaves，1935年5月9日－1988年9月11日）是英國兒童書籍的作家和插畫家，著名的作品有Mr.Men和Little Miss (《奇先生妙小姐》)系列叢書，專門提供給年紀非常小的讀者。這些書裡面的故事簡單易懂，插圖大膽並且鮮艷，已經成為流行文化的一部分超過25年。他的書在全世界以20種語言共賣出超過8500萬本

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Hargreaves

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF

Mother's Day - 08May2011

Mother's Day is a celebration honoring mothers and celebrating motherhood, maternal bonds, and the influence of mothers in society. It is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, yet most commonly in March, April, or May. It complements Father's Day, the celebration honoring fathers.

Celebrations of mothers and motherhood occur throughout the world; many of these can be traced back to ancient festivals, like the Greek cult to Cybele or the Roman festival of Hilaria. The modern US holiday is not directly related to these.

母親節是一個感謝母親的節日，而在世界各地的母親節的日期也會有所不同。母親們在這一天里通常會收到禮物；而在許多人心目中，康乃馨被視作最為合適於獻給母親的鮮花之一。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%27s_Day

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E8%8A%82

International Workers' Day - 01May2011

International Workers' Day (also known as May Day) is a celebration of the international labour movement and left-wing movements. It commonly sees organized street demonstrations and marches by working people and their labour unions throughout most of the world. May 1 is a national holiday in more than 80 countries. It is also celebrated unofficially in many other countries.

國際勞動節又稱「五一國際勞動節」、「勞動節」、「國際示威遊行日」，是世界上大多數國家的勞動節。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E8%8A%82

John James Audubon - 26Apr2011

John James Audubon (Jean-Jacques Audubon) (April 26, 1785 – January 27, 1851) was a French-American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his expansive studies to document all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, The Birds of North America (1827-1839), is considered one of the finest ornithological works. Audubon identified 25 new species and a number of new sub-species.

約翰·詹姆斯·奧杜邦（John James Audubon，1785年4月26日－1851年1月27日），美國畫家、博物學家，他繪製的鳥類圖鑑被稱作「美國國寶」。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9D%9C%E9%82%A6

Earth Day - 22Apr2011

Earth Day is a day that is intended to inspire awareness and appreciation for the Earth's natural environment. Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in first held on April 22, 1970. While this first Earth Day was focused on the United States, an organization launched by Denis Hayes, who was the original national coordinator in 1970, took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations.Earth Day is now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network, and is celebrated in more than 175 countries every year. Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week, an entire week of activities focused on environmental issues. In 2009, the United Nations designated April 22 International Mother Earth Day.

世界地球日即每年的4月22日，是一項世界性的環境保護運動。最早的地球日活動是1970年代於美國校園興起的環保運動，1990年代這項活動從美國走向世界，成為全世界環保主義者的節日和環境保護宣傳日，在這天不同國籍的人們以各自不同的方式宣傳和實踐環境保護的觀念。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%97%A5

Charlie Chaplin - 15Apr2011

Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best-known for his work during the silent film era. He became one of the most famous film stars in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.

Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent film comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the Music Hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin's identification with the left ultimately forced him to resettle in Europe during the McCarthy era in the early 1950s.

In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Chaplin the 10th greatest male screen legend of all time. In 2008, Martin Sieff, in a review of the book Chaplin: A Life, wrote: "Chaplin was not just 'big', he was gigantic. In 1915, he burst onto a war-torn world bringing it the gift of comedy, laughter and relief while it was tearing itself apart through World War I. Over the next 25 years, through the Great Depression and the rise of Adolf Hitler, he stayed on the job. ... It is doubtful any individual has ever given more entertainment, pleasure and relief to so many human beings when they needed it the most". George Bernard Shaw called Chaplin "the only genius to come out of the movie industry".

小查爾斯·史賓賽·「查理」·卓別林爵士，KBE（英語：Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin Jr.，1889年4月16日－1977年12月25日），英國喜劇演員及反戰人士，後來也成為一名非常出色的導演，尤其在好萊塢電影的早期和中期他非常成功和活躍。他奠定了現代喜劇電影的基礎，與巴斯特·基頓、哈羅德·勞埃德並稱為「世界三大喜劇演員」，卓別林戴著圓頂硬禮帽和禮服的模樣幾乎成了喜劇電影的重要代表，往後不少藝人都以他的方式表演。

卓別林最出色的角色是一個外貌流浪漢，內心則一幅紳士氣度、穿著一件窄小的禮服、特大的褲子和鞋、戴著一頂圓頂硬禮帽、手持一根竹拐杖、留著一撇小鬍子的形象。在無聲電影時期卓別林是最有才能和影響最大的人物之一。他自己編寫、導演、表演和發行他自己的電影。從在英國的大劇院作為孩童演員登台演出到他88歲高齡逝世他在娛樂業從事了70多年的生涯。從狄更斯式的倫敦童年一直達到了電影工業的世界頂端，他本人成為了一個文化偶像。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%C2%B7%E5%8D%93%E5%88%AB%E6%9E%97

Yuri Gagarin - 12Apr2011

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: Ю́рий Алексе́евич Гага́рин,Russian pronunciation: [ˈjurʲɪj ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡɐˈɡarʲɪn]; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He was the first human being to journey into outer space, when his Vostok spacecraft completed an orbit of the Earth on April 12, 1961.

Gagarin became an international celebrity, and was awarded many medals and honours, including Hero of the Soviet Union, the nation's highest honour. Vostok 1 marked his only spaceflight, but he served as backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission (which ended in a fatal crash). Gagarin later became deputy training director of the Cosmonaut Training Centre outside Moscow, which was later named after him. Gagarin died in 1968 when a MiG 15 training jet he was piloting crashed.

尤里·阿列克謝耶維奇·加加林（俄語：Ю́рий Алексе́евич Гага́рин，1934年3月9日－1968年3月27日) ，蘇聯太空人，蘇聯紅軍上校飛行員，是第一個進入太空的人。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97

Children's Day - 04Apr2011

A "Children's Day", as an event, is celebrated on various days in many places around the world, in particular to honor children. Major global variants include an International Children's Day on June 1 as adopted in the former Communist bloc, and a Universal Children's Day on November 20, by United Nations recommendation. Children's Day is often celebrated on other days as well.

兒童節，是保障兒童權利、反對虐殺兒童和毒害兒童的節日。 1925年在瑞士日內瓦召開的關於兒童福利的國際會議上，國際兒童幸福促進會首次提出了「兒童節」的概念，號召各國設立自己的兒童紀念日。1949年國際民主婦女聯合會在莫斯科舉行會議，會中通過了保障全世界兒童權利，反對虐殺兒童和毒害兒童的決議，為紀念1942年6月被納粹德國屠殺的捷克利迪策村的88名兒童，決定6月1日為國際兒童節。

1954年12月14日，聯合國教育科學文化組織定11月20日為國際兒童日（The Universal Children's Day) 目前世界上一些國家將6月1日定為兒童的節日，稱為「國際兒童節」。在歐美國家，兒童節的日期各不相同，而且往往很少舉行社會公眾性的慶祝活動。（見下文德國的進一步討論）往往有人誤解為只有社會主義國家才將6月1日定為兒童節。近年來，美國的一些組織也開始考慮將兒童節定在6月1日。

wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Day

中文 : http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E7%AF%80