Marie Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes—in physics and chemistry. She was the first female professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.
She was born Maria Salomea Skłodowska (IPA: 'marja salɔ'mɛa skwɔ'dɔfska) in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, and lived there until the age of 24. In 1891, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared her 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with the physicist Henri Becquerel. Her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie and son-in-law, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, would similarly share a Nobel Prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Skłodowska-Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to date to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences.
Her achievements included a theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today.
While an actively loyal French citizen, Skłodowska-Curie (she used both surnames) never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first chemical element that she discovered – polonium, which she first isolated in 1898 – after her native country. During World War I she became a member of the Committee for a Free Poland (Komitet Wolnej Polski).In 1932, she founded a Radium Institute (now the Maria Skłodowska–Curie Institute of Oncology) in her home town, Warsaw, headed by her physician-sister Bronisława. Curie died in 1934 of aplastic anemia brought on by her years of exposure to radiation.
瑪麗亞·斯克沃多夫斯卡-居禮（波蘭語：Marie Skłodowska-Curie，1867年11月7日－1934年7月4日），通常稱為瑪麗·居禮（法語：Marie Curie）或居禮夫人（Madame Curie），波蘭裔法國籍女物理學家、放射化學家。她是放射性現象的研究先驅，也是獲得兩次諾貝爾獎第一人。瑪麗·居禮還是巴黎大學第一位女教授。1995年，她與丈夫皮埃爾·居禮一起移葬先賢祠。
瑪麗·居禮原名瑪麗亞·斯克洛多夫斯卡，生於當時沙俄統治下的華沙，即現在波蘭的首都。她在華沙生活至24歲，1891年追隨姐姐布洛尼斯拉娃至巴黎讀書。她在巴黎取得學位並從事科學研究。她是巴黎和華沙「居禮研究所」的創始人。1903年她和丈夫皮埃爾·居禮及亨利·貝克勒共同獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎，1911年又因放射化學方面的成就獲得諾貝爾化學獎。她的長女伊雷娜·約里奧-居禮和長女婿弗雷德里克·約里奧-居禮與1935年共同獲得諾貝爾化學獎。
瑪麗·居禮的成就包括開創了放射性理論、發明了分離放射性同位素的技術，以及發現兩種新元素釙（Po）和鐳（Ra）。在她的指導下，人們第一次將放射性同位素用於治療癌症。
瑪麗·居禮雖然是一位積極忠誠法國愛國者，雖然人身在異國，但也從未忘記她的波蘭出身。她以祖國波蘭的名字命名她所發現的第一種元素釙，並在1932年在她的家鄉華沙建立了由她的姐姐、醫生布洛尼斯拉娃主持的鐳研究所（即現在的瑪麗亞·斯克洛多夫斯卡-居禮腫瘤學研究所，華沙居禮研究所）。
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