The Cathedral of the Protection of Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat (Russian: Собор Покрова пресвятой Богородицы, что на Рву), popularly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral (Russian: Собор Василия Блаженного), is a Russian Orthodox church erected on the Red Square in Moscow in 1555–61. Built on the order of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan, it marks the geometric center of the city and the hub of its growth since the 14th century. It was the tallest building in Moscow until the completion of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in 1600.
The original building, known as "Trinity Church" and later "Trinity Cathedral", contained eight side churches arranged around the ninth, central church of Intercession; the tenth church was erected in 1588 over the grave of venerated local saint Vasily (Basil). In the 16th and the 17th centuries the church, perceived as the earthly symbol of the Heavenly City, was popularly known as the "Jerusalem" and served as an allegory of the Jerusalem Temple in the annual Palm Sunday parade attended by the Patriarch of Moscow and the tsar.
聖巴西爾大教堂（俄語：Собор Василия Блаженного），或譯作垛上祈禱教堂（Собор Покрова что на Рву），是一個坐落於莫斯科紅場的多穹頂教堂。它通常被人們看作是俄羅斯在歐洲及亞洲間獨特位置的象徵。
這座教堂是受伊凡四世的委託，為紀念其對喀山汗國的征服而於1555年和1561年之間建造的。1588年，費奧多爾·伊萬諾維奇沙皇在該建築中一位俄羅斯東正教聖人瓦西里·柏拉仁諾之墓東上方添置了一個小禮堂。此後，該教堂就被人們普遍稱為「聖瓦西里教堂」。
聖巴西爾大教堂位於紅場東南部，對面則是克林姆林宮的斯巴斯卡亞塔。教堂雖不巨大，卻在一個地基上集合了九間禮堂。該教堂的設計跟隨了同時代的穹頂教堂風格，尤其是科洛緬斯科耶的耶穌升天教堂（1530年）和季亞科沃的施洗約翰斬首教堂（1547年）。
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