Jorge Luis Borges - 24Aug2011

Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986), known as Jorge Luis Borges (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxorxe ˈlwis ˈβorxes]), was an Argentine writer, essayist, poet and translator born in Buenos Aires. In 1914 his family moved to Switzerland where he attended school and traveled to Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. In 1955 he was appointed director of the National Public Library (Biblioteca Nacional) and professor of Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1961 he came to international attention when he received the first International Publishers' Prize, the Prix Formentor. In 1971 he won the Jerusalem Prize. His work was translated and published widely in the United States and in Europe. Borges himself was fluent in several languages. He died in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1986.

豪爾赫·路易斯·博爾赫斯(西班牙文:Jorge Luis Borges,1899年8月24日-1986年6月14日) ,阿根廷作家,詩人。他的作品涵蓋多個文學範疇,包括:短文、隨筆小品、詩、文學評論、翻譯文學。其中以拉丁文雋永的文字和深刻的哲理見長。

博爾赫斯出生於布宜諾斯艾利斯的書香門第之家,從小沉浸在西班牙文和英文的環境中。1914年其家庭舉家遷往瑞士,博爾赫斯在那接受教育而後遊歷西班牙。1921年返回阿根廷後,他以作家身份出版了詩歌、文學周刊上發表散文。他也在圖書館工作並多次發表公眾演講。庇隆政府時期,他曾遭受政治迫害。

由於遺傳疾病,博爾赫斯年近六旬即雙目失明[1]。 1955年,他被任命為國家公共圖書館館長以及布宜諾斯艾利斯大學的文學教授。1961年,他第一次獲得了國際文學獎Prix Formentor。他的作品被廣泛譯介到歐美國家,他本人也是一位翻譯家,除母語西班牙語外,精通英語、德語、法語、古英語、古諾爾斯語等。1986年,他在瑞士日內瓦去世。

Pierre de Fermat - 17Aug2011

Pierre de Fermat (French pronunciation: [pjɛːʁ dəfɛʁˈma]; 17 August 1601 or 1607/8 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of the then unknown differential calculus, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for Fermat's Last Theorem, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica.

皮埃爾·德·費馬(Pierre de Fermat,1601年8月17日-1665年1月12日,法語發音[pjɛːʀ də fɛʀma]),法國律師和業餘數學家。他在數學上的成就不比職業數學家差,他似乎對數論最有興趣,亦對現代微積分的建立有所貢獻。

費馬的父親是頗富有的皮革商人。費馬生於塔恩-加龍省的博蒙—德洛馬涅(Beaumont-de-Lomagne),出生的房子現在成了費馬博物館。1620年代中期,他進入土魯斯大學之後,搬到波爾多生活,在那裏開始第一個正式的數學研究,並認識數學家Jean Beaugrand。他們之間有不少數學交流,這在費馬搬到土魯斯後仍未改變。此後他又陸續認識了皮埃爾·德·卡克維、馬蘭·梅森和勒奈·笛卡爾等數學家,並有不少書信交流,費馬的不少數學成果都在這些書信中誕生。

他的名言是:「我發現了一個美妙的證明,但由於空白太小而沒有寫下來。」

1665年他逝於卡斯特。費馬不常正式發表他的研究,死後其子才將之整理成書,叫做Varia Opera。

Qixi Festival - 06Aug2011

Qixi Festival (Chinese: 七夕节; literally "The Night of Sevens"), also known as Magpie Festival, falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month on the Chinese calendar; thus its name. It also inspired Tanabata (七夕) in Japan, Chilseok (칠석) in Korea, and Thất Tịch in Vietnam. It is sometimes called Chinese Valentine's Day (Chinese: 情人节; pinyin: Qíng rén jié) since late 1990s.

七夕節,又名乞巧節、七巧節或七姐誕,是華人地區以及東亞各國的傳統節日,在農曆七月初七慶祝(日本在明治維新後改為陽曆7月7日),來自於牛郎與織女的傳說。


Alexander Calder - 22Jul2011


Alexander Calder (July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor and artist most famous for inventing mobile sculptures. In addition to mobile and stable sculpture, Alexander Calder also created paintings, lithographs, toys, tapestry, jewelry and household objects.

亞歷山大·考爾德(英語:Alexander Calder,1898年7月22日-1976年11月11日),美國著名雕塑家、藝術家,動態雕塑(mobile)的發明者。

Gregor Mendel - 20Jul2011


Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822[1] – January 6, 1884) was an Austrian[2] scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Although the significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, the independent rediscovery of these laws formed the foundation of the modern science of genetics

孟德爾(Gregor Johann Mendel,格雷戈爾·約翰·門德爾[1],1822年7月20日-1884年1月6日)是一位奧地利遺傳學家,神職人員,遺傳學的奠基人。

1822年7月20日孟德爾生於奧地利的海因岑多夫(今捷克的海恩塞斯)。他於1840年畢業於特羅保的預科學校,進入奧爾米茨哲學院學習。1843年因家貧而輟學,同年10月到奧古斯丁修道院做修道士。1847年被任命為神父。1849年受委派到茨納伊姆中學任希臘文和數學代課教師。1851年-1853年在維也納大學學習物理、化學、數學、動物學和植物學。1853年,他從維也納大學畢業回修道院。1854年被委派到布呂恩技術學校任物理學和植物學的代理教師。並在那裡工作了14年。1884年1月6日卒於布呂恩(今捷克的布爾諾)。

Xu Beihong - 19Jul2011

Xu Beihong (simplified Chinese: 徐悲鸿; traditional Chinese: 徐悲鴻; pinyin: Xú Bēihóng) was born in Yixing, China. He was primarily known for his shuimohua (Chinese ink paintings) of horses and birds and one of the first Chinese artists to articulate the need for artistic expressions that reflected a new modern China at the beginning of the 20th century. He was also regarded as one of the first to create monumental oil paintings with epic Chinese themes - a show of his high proficiency in an essential Western art technique.

徐悲鴻(1895年7月19日-1953年9月26日),中國現代畫家、美術教育家。他也是中國現代美術的奠基者。江蘇宜興屺亭鎮人。

Saint Basil's Cathedral - 12Jul2011

The Cathedral of the Protection of Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat (Russian: Собор Покрова пресвятой Богородицы, что на Рву), popularly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral (Russian: Собор Василия Блаженного), is a Russian Orthodox church erected on the Red Square in Moscow in 1555–61. Built on the order of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan, it marks the geometric center of the city and the hub of its growth since the 14th century. It was the tallest building in Moscow until the completion of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in 1600.

The original building, known as "Trinity Church" and later "Trinity Cathedral", contained eight side churches arranged around the ninth, central church of Intercession; the tenth church was erected in 1588 over the grave of venerated local saint Vasily (Basil). In the 16th and the 17th centuries the church, perceived as the earthly symbol of the Heavenly City, was popularly known as the "Jerusalem" and served as an allegory of the Jerusalem Temple in the annual Palm Sunday parade attended by the Patriarch of Moscow and the tsar.

聖巴西爾大教堂(俄語:Собор Василия Блаженного),或譯作垛上祈禱教堂(Собор Покрова что на Рву),是一個坐落於莫斯科紅場的多穹頂教堂。它通常被人們看作是俄羅斯在歐洲及亞洲間獨特位置的象徵。

這座教堂是受伊凡四世的委託,為紀念其對喀山汗國的征服而於1555年和1561年之間建造的。1588年,費奧多爾·伊萬諾維奇沙皇在該建築中一位俄羅斯東正教聖人瓦西里·柏拉仁諾之墓東上方添置了一個小禮堂。此後,該教堂就被人們普遍稱為「聖瓦西里教堂」。

聖巴西爾大教堂位於紅場東南部,對面則是克林姆林宮的斯巴斯卡亞塔。教堂雖不巨大,卻在一個地基上集合了九間禮堂。該教堂的設計跟隨了同時代的穹頂教堂風格,尤其是科洛緬斯科耶的耶穌升天教堂(1530年)和季亞科沃的施洗約翰斬首教堂(1547年)。