Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, pronounced [moːɦənˈdaːs kəɾəmˈtʂənd ˈɡaːndʱiː] ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non-violence—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known around the world as Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा mahātmā or "Great Soul", an honorific first applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore),and in India also as Bapu (Gujarati: Gujarati: બાપુ, bāpu or "Father"). He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, during the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he organized protests by peasants, farmers, and urban labourers concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhi famously led his followers in the Non-cooperation movement that protested the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (240 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930. Later he campaigned against the British to Quit India. Gandhi spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.
As a practitioner of ahimsa, he swore to speak the truth and advocated that others do the same. Gandhi lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and social protest.
莫罕達斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地（英文：Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi；古吉拉特語：मोहनदास करमचंद गाँधी，1869年10月2日－1948年1月30日），尊稱聖雄甘地，是印度民族主義運動和國大黨領袖。他帶領國家邁向獨立，脫離英國的殖民統治。他的「非暴力」的哲學思想，也就是他說的「satyagraha」，影響了全世界的民族主義者和那些爭取和平變革的國際運動。
通過「非暴力」的公民不合作，甘地使印度擺脫了英國的統治。這也激發了其他殖民地的人們起來為他們的獨立而奮鬥。最終大英帝國分崩離析了，取而代之的是英聯邦，或者更準確一點是聯邦（因為「英」這個前綴於1946年沒有了，變成了Commonwealth of Nations）。 甘地的主要信念是「satyagraha」，英語譯成「truth force」，意為「精神的力量」、「真理之路」、「追求真理」等。 這鼓舞了其他的民主運動人士，如馬丁·路德·金，曼德拉等人。他經常說他的價值觀很簡單，那就是（是從傳統的印度教信仰演化來的）: 真理（satya）、非暴力（ahimsa）。
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